天坛中英双语导游词

　　篇一：天坛中文导游词

　　各位游客，我们今天所要参观的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。

　　明朝永乐皇帝迁都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛，占地面积达到了273万平方米。主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北面是圆形，南面是方形，取意天圆地方。在一开始，祭天和祭地都是天坛，直到明嘉靖年间在北城修建了地坛，才分开的，并且新增了圜丘坛，用于孟冬祭天，把原来的大祀殿改为大享殿，专门用于孟春祈谷，当时殿宇屋顶已经是三重檐了，从上至下的蓝黄绿三色瓦分别代表了天地万物。而在乾隆年间，有将大享殿改为现在的祈年殿，而将屋顶瓦片都改成了蓝色的琉璃瓦。从而形成了今天我们所看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。

　　可是这样一个祭天圣地，却也曾经在1860年时遭到英法联军的洗劫，继而在1900年的时候又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏。在1916年袁世凯登基的时候也曾经在天坛上演了一出祭天的闹剧。在1918年，天坛最终还是以公园开放。解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。

　　现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始此次游览。

　　说完了神坛的奇妙，我在给您介绍一下祭天大典的盛况。到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在这里祭天。在大典前两天，皇帝要在故宫里进行斋戒，而到了第三天，也就是冬至前一天，就要到天坛的斋宫进行斋戒。冬至那天，在日出前七刻，现在的凌晨四点多，奏报时辰，皇帝起驾，斋宫东北角的钟楼开始鸣钟。到具服台盥洗更衣，神牌都送到台面相应的位置，也就是七组神位，称作七幄;在圜丘前燔柴炉上放一只牛犊，用松枝燔烧，西南的望灯杆望灯高悬，点燃蟠龙通宵宝蜡，台南广场上排列着奏乐队，配合着中和韶乐，在文武百官的陪同下，祭天大典就正式开始了，皇帝由南棂星左门登坛，这时钟声停止，到了第二层南侧拜位站好后，听候司赞人报仪程。恭读至皇天上帝的祝文。礼仪结束以后，要将神位前的贡品分别送到燔柴炉(从正位幄次撤下的祭品再次焚烧，皇帝也要一旁恭立目视，称为望燎)和燎炉(圜丘坛共有12座燎炉，在瘗坎北侧，从东向西排列着8个;内围护墙东西棂星门外各有一对。从配位幄次车下的祭品分别送到8个燎炉内焚烧，而四个从位幄次的祭品送到棂星门处)焚烧，烟雾腾空，象征着送到天庭。而后还要将牛尾、牛毛、牛血送到瘗坎掩埋，象征不忘祖先茹毛饮血之意。在这个典礼上，需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方，就是刚才所说的台面中心天心石。他是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮，而且现在这里也是一样的，各位游客不妨体会一下这奇特的效果，也像当年的皇帝一样，向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。

　　现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，面前的建筑叫做天库，而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，到了十七年，改名为现在的皇穹宇，它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘坛祭祀主神的地方，所以这里也叫圜丘坛寝宫。殿内正面的圆形石台上安放的就是皇天上帝的`神牌，而前边两侧的四个方形石台上安放的则是八位祖先神主，还有东西配殿用来存放从祀神位。而皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了至高无上，天，宇宙的意思，更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。

　　它是一座建筑艺术价值非常高的殿宇，总体呈圆形，下边是高2.85米的圆形须弥座，为青白石筑成，有东南西三个方向的出陛，也就是台阶，而在南向出陛还有二龙戏珠的丹陛石。上边是蓝色筒瓦单檐攒尖鎏金宝顶。而在殿内还有八根檐柱和八根金柱，大殿上架没有横梁承托，全都是靠各类斗拱层层上叠来支撑，步步收缩，从而形成了精美的穹隆圆顶。这里边还运用了物理学中的杠杆原理。这组建筑不仅十分精美，而且还有回音壁和三音石，这和刚才我们说的天心石合称天坛三大声学现象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙建造的磨砖对缝，十分的平滑，是很好的声音载体，可以传声，在传递途中对声音损失极小，只要对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰的听到对方说话。而三音石则是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头，您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音，第二块石头可以听到两次，而第三块就可以听到三次回音，所以称为三音石。在后来也有人把它叫做三才石，取天地人三才的意思。

　　也许您刚才就已经注意到了，天坛有非常多的柏树，不错，它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特，布满了沟壑，而且旋转扭曲，好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏，所以叫它九龙柏真是一点也不过分。

　　谢谢大家，如有不妥之处，还望见谅。

　　篇二：天坛英文导游词

　　(insidetheSouthGateofthetempleofHeaven)

　　LadiesandGentlemen:

　　welcometothetempleofHeaven.(afterself-introduction)preservedculturalheritagesofChina.therearebasicallytwokindsofvisitorswhocomehere:localpensionerswhodoexerciseshereinthemorningandeveningandsightseersbothfromhomeandabroad.allinall，thereare12millionvisitorsveryyear.nowwearegoingtogoalongtheroutethatleadstothealter.itwilltakeroughlyonehour.mindyou，theemperoralsowalkedalongthisroutetopaytributetotheGodofHeaven.

　　(alongtheSouthernSacredRoadleadingtotheCircularmoundaltar)

　　thelargestgroupofarchitecturesevertobededicatedtoHeaven，thetempleofHeavenservedasanexclusivealtarforChinesemonarchsduringthemingandQingdynasties.itwasdecreedthatrulersofsuccessivedynastieswouldplacealtarsintheirowncapitalstoworshipHeavenandprayforgoodharvest.Butwhy?

　　theancientChinesebelievedthatHeavenwasthesupremeruleroftheuniverseandthefateofmankind，andthusworshipingritesdedicatedtoHeavencameintobeing.

　　theHeaventheancientChinesereferredtowasactuallytheUniverse，ornature.inthosedays，therewerespecficritesofworship.thiswasespeciallytrueduringthemingandQingdynastieswhenelaborateceremonieswereheld.

　　thetempleofHeavenwasbuiltin1420duringthereignofemperorYoungleofthemingDynasty.Situatedinthesouthernpartofthecity，thisgrandsetofstructurescoversanareaof273hectares.tobettersymbolizeheavenandearth，thenorthernpartofthetempleiscircularwhilethesouthernpartissquare.thewholecompoundisenclosedbytwowalls，asquarewalloutsidearoundone.theouterareaischaracterizedbysuburbanscenery，whiletheinnerpartisusedforsacrifices.theinnerenclosureconsistsoftheHallofprayerforGoodHarvestandtheCircularmoundaltar.

　　(alongtheimperialpassageleadingfromtheSouthernLatticeStarGateinfrontoftheCircularmoundaltar)

　　theCircularmoundaltarisenclosedbytwowalls，eachcontainingfourgroupsofSouthernLatticeStarGate，eachinturnconsistingofthreedoors，with24marbledoorsaltogether.Standingonthepassagefacingnorth，youwillnoticethatwitheachpairofdoorsonisnarrowerthantheother.thisreflectsthefeudalhierarchy:thewiderdoorwasreservedformonarchs，whilethenarroweronewasusedbycourtiers.

　　onthedayoftheceremony，theemperorwoulddonhisritualcostumeandbeusheredinbytheofficialinchargeofreligiousaffairs.Heascendedthethreeterracesintheforefronttopaytributeatthealter.

　　(atoptheCircularmoundalter)

　　wearenowonthetopterraceofthe

　　altar，orthethirdterrace.eachterracehasaflightof9steps.atthecenterofthisterraceliesaroundstonesurroundedby9steps.atthecenterofthisterraceliesaroundstonesurroundedby9concentricringsofstone.thenumberofstonesinthefirstringis9，inthesecond，18，upto81inthe9thring.eventhenumberofcarvedbalustradesontheseterracesisamultipleeof9.Butwhy?

　　accordingtoancientChinesephilosophy，yinandyangweretwoopposingfactors.Heavenandtheoddnumbersbelongedtoyangwhiletheearthandevennumbersbelongedtoyin.ninewasthelargestheavenlynumberaccessibletoman.whatismore，theancientpeoplealsobelievedthatheavenconsistedofninelayersandthattheemperor`sabodewasontheuppermosttier.

　　oncemorelookattheroundstoneinthecenter.theupperterraceisninezhang(aChineseunitoflength，onezhangequals3.3meters)incircumference，whilethemiddleis15zhang，thelower，21zhang.Classifiedasyangnumbers，thesumofthesenumeralsis45zhangwhichwasmeanttosymbolizedsuccess.whatismore，byapplyingtheconceptofoddnumbersandstrengtheningnineanditsmultiples，theconceptofheavenwasthusillustratedandrealized.theconceptofninewillalsobementionedwhenwevisitsomeotherbuildings.

　　nowiwillgiveyouabriefaccountofwhathappenedhereannuallyontheinterSolstice.thememorialtabletdedicatedtoHeavenwouldbesetuponthenorthsideoftheterrace，whiletabletsdedicatedtotheemperor`sancestorswouldbeenshrinedontheflanks.theservicewouldbeginaround4o`clockinthemorning.allofthelanternswouldbelit.intheforeground，asacrificialcalfisbeingbarbecued.onthesquareinfrontofthealtar，theemperor，underheavyescortofnearlyathousandcourtiers，princesofroyalblood，musicians，dancersanduniformedsoldiers，wouldslowlyascendthealtartooffersacrificeandprayinhonorofHeaven.whentheservicedrewtoaclose，thesacrificeofferedinfrontofthememorialtabletswouldbeincinerated.allofparticipantswouldwatchthethicksmokeriseupwardasiftheywereseeingGodoff.musicanddancingwouldfollow.intheend，theemperorwouldreturntotheForbiddenCitysecureinthebeliefthathewouldbeblessedandprotectedbyHeavenuntilthenextwinterSolstice.

　　itisinterestingtonotethat，thestoneintheverymiddleofthealtarwasofmajorimportance，sinceitwaswheretheemperorusedtostandtosayhisprayer.thestone，whichisknownastheGod`sheartStone，ispeculiarinthatitischaracterizedbyaspecificacousticphenomenon:itmadetheemperor`svoiceclearerandlouder，thusaddingtothemysticatmosphereoftheservice.Youcantrythisoutbyyourself.(proceednorthwardtopassthroughtheLatticeStarGate)

　　(infrontoftheGateofglazedtiles)

　　thisstructureisknownasHeaven`sStorehouse.itisenteredthroughtheGateofglazedtiles.theroofing，beams，andbracketsareallmadeofglazedtilesorbricks.thisistheonlystructureofitskindinchinatoday.

　　theHeaven`sStorehousewaswherememorialtabletsdedicatedtothegodswerekept.DouglasHurd，aformerBritishforeighsecretary，oncesaid，“GodattendstoHisaffairsontheCir4cularmoundaltarbutstayshere.”nowlet`sgointotoseeit(Gothroughtheleftsidedoor)

　　(inthecourtyardofHeaven`sStorehouse)

　　thisistheimperialVaultofHeaven，themainstructureofHeaven`sStorehouse.itwasbuiltin1530andis17metersinheightand19metersindiameter.thestructurefeatureblueroofstoppedbyagildedball，andcarvedwoodendoorsandwindows.itisdecoratedwithcoloredpaintings.Foundedona3-meter-hignroundmarbleterrace，thebuildingalsofeaturesagiganticcarvedmarbleramplaidinthestonestaircaseleadinguptothefrontentrance..therampiscarvedin“twodragonsplayingwithapearl”designinrelief.wewillenterthemainhallbygoingupthestonestaircaseontheeasternside.

　　(onthemarbleterraceofthemainhall)

　　thearchofthehallisbuttressedby16giantpillarsontworings.ontopofthepillarstherearegiltbracketssupportingacircularcaisson，orcoveredceiling.theceilingischaracterizedbyagoldencoilingdragondesign.the8pillaroftheinnerringarepaintedscarletanddecoratedwithgoldenlotuses.

　　tothenorthofthehallthereisamarblepedestal.atopit，upawoodenflightof9steps，iswherethemajortabletdedicatetoHeavenwasenshrined.oneachflankfourtabletsareenshrinedinhonoroftheancestorsoftheQingemperors.intheannexhallinhornoroftheancestorsoftheQingemperors.intheannexhallsinthecourtyard，therearetabletsdedicatedtothedeitiesofthesun，moon，constellation，cloud，rain，windandthunder.

　　(echowallandtriple–soundStones)

　　asidefromexquisitelylaidoutarchitectures，Heaven`sStorehouseisalsofamousfortwostructureswithpeculiaracousticfeatures，i.e.theechowallandthetriple-SoundStone.amerewhisperatanypointclosetothewallcanbeheardclearlyontheotherside，althoughthepartiesmaybe40or50metersapart.thisispossiblebecausethewallisroundandhermeticallyconstructedwithsmooth，solidbricks.

　　infrontofthestepsleadingawayfromthehallsisthetripleSoundStone.ifyoustandonthefirststoneandcalloutorclapyourhands，thesoundwillechoonce;onthesecondstone，thesoundwillbeheardtwice;andonthethirdstone，thesoundwillrepeatthreetimes.Hencethename.(Gooutthroughtherightdoorandstrollalongthecircularpathnorthward)

　　(nine-DragonCypress)

　　thetempleofHeavenisalsofamousforitscypresstrees-therearemorethan60，000cypresstreesinall，amongwhichover4，000aremorethanonehundredyearsold，addingtothesolemnatmosphereofthetemple.thistallcypresswasplantedmorethan500yearsago.itsthickbranchesandtwistingtrunkresemblingninecoilingplayfuldragons;thusitisknownasthenine-Dragoncypress.itissaidthatthistreewasheretowelcomethemonarchs.nowitisheretowelcomevisitorfromallovertheworld.

　　(inthesouthofChengzhenGate)

　　nowwearebackagainontheCentralaxis.thisbrick-archedgateisknownasChengzhen(adoptingFidelity).thisgateisthenortherngateoftheCircularmoundaltarandtheHallofprayerforGoodHarvest.theHallofprayerforGoodHarvestissituatedattheextremeendoftheaxis.itwasusedbytheemperorinthefirstmonthofeverylunaryearforservicesdedicatedtogoodharvest.

　　(ontheRedStairwayBridge)

　　enteringtheHallofprayerforGoodHarvest，wesetfootonaraisedpassage360meterslong，whichtheemperoralsotooktoproceedtothehall.thisbroadnorth-southwalkway，calledDanbiqiao(RedStairwaybridge)，connectsthetwosetsofmainbuildinginthetempleofHeavenandconstitutesasingleaxis.

　　thepassageisdividedintoleft，controlandrightpathsbythecrossarrangementofslabs.thecentralandthewidestpathisknownasHeavenlythoroughfare，whichwasreservedexclusivelyforGod;nobody，includingtheemperor，wasallowedtosetfootontoit.theemperorusedthepathontheeast，whichisknownastheimperialwalk.theministersandprincesusedtheoneonthewest.interestingenough，thereisnowalkwayleftforordinarypeople.thisisbecausethetempleofHeavenusedtobeoff-limitstothem.

　　Contrarytoappearances，thiswalkwayisnotabridgeatall.Buthowso?thisroadis4metersabovethegroundandthereisacavernunderneaththatwasreservedforsacrificialoxenandsheep.thecattlewereslaughteredataslaughterhouseabout500metersawayandbroughthereforsacrifice.allinall，itcanbesaidthiswalkwaydidserveasbridgeandcanbelookeduponasthefirstcloverleafinBeijing.

　　Lookingbackatthethoroughfare，youmayrealizethatthiswalkisgainingheighttowarditsnorthernend.aspeopleapproachthearchitecturalgroupoftheHallofprayerforgoodHarvest，theflankinggrovesofcypressrecedeandperspectivewidens.HereyouareinHeaven.

　　(Costume-Changingterrace)

　　themarbleterraceupaheadiscalledjufutai，orCostumeChangingterrace.itislocatedtotheeastoftheRedStairwayBridgeandcoversaspaceof25squaremeters.ithasmarbleSlabbalustrades.thedaybeforetheservice，officialsinchargewouldputupayellowsatintentontheterracefortheemperortochangeoutofhisyellowdragonrobeintoblueceremonialclothes.aftertheservice，theemperorwouldreturntothetentandchangebackintohisimperialrobebeforereturningtothepalace.(proceedtotheSouthGateoftheHallofprayerforGoodHarvest)

　　(attheGateofprayerforGoodHarvest)

　　thisstructureiscalledtheGateofprayforGoodHarvest.wecancatchaslightglimpseofthecentralbuilding，theHallofprayerforGoodharvest，thoughthecolonnadeoftheGate.agiganticandloftygroupofbuildings，thecomplexincludestheGateofprayerforGoodHarvest，thehallofprayerforgoodharvest，easternandwesternannexhalls，theHuanqian(imperialheaven)Longcorridor，HeavenKitchen，slaughterhouse，etc.

　　theannexhallsweresymmetricallybuiltona1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marbleterrace，tosetofftheloftinessandmagnificenceofthemainhall.thisuniquebuilding，38metersinheight，ischaracterizedbyacone-shapedstructurewithtripleeavesandatopthatiscrownedbyagiltball.theroofingismadeofblueglazedtiles，thecolorofthesky.Underneaththeroof，thebeamsandbracketaredecoratedwithcoloredpaintings.thebaseofthestructureisatriple-tiered，circularmarbleterrace.atadistance，theterracelookslikeagigantic，spiralingcloudwiththestructureperchedontopofit.

　　todaythehallofprayerforgoodharvestisthehallmarkofBeijing，whichenjoysaprolongedhistoryofcivilization.

　　(atthebaseoftheHallofprayerforGoodHarvest)

　　thebaseofthehallisatriple-tiered，circularmarbleterrace，whichis90metersindiameterand6metersinheight，coveringaspaceof4，000squaremeters.meticulousaccuracywasgiventothelayoutofthestructure.inthemiddleofeachthree-tieredflightofstairs，thereisagiantmarblerampcarvedincloud，dragonandphoenixdesigns.tosetofftheramps，thetopofthebalustradesanddownpipesaredesignedwithcorrespondingfloralscrolls.insouthernpartofeachtier，agiganticbronzeincenseburnerisplaced.Sandalwoodwasburntinthemwhenriteswereobserved.

　　(infrontofthehallofprayerforgoodharvest)

　　climbingupthismarbleterrace，weseethemainhall，amasterpieceofancientChina.Lookingupyouwillseethecaisson，orcoveredceiling，characterizedbycomplexdesignsofdragonsandphoenixes.inandout，thehallisdecoratedwithcoloreddrawingofdragonsandphoenixes.

　　withouttheuseofsteel，cementandnail，andevenwithouttheuseofbigbeamsandcrossbeams，theentirestructureissupportedby28massivewoodenpillarsandnumberofbars，laths，jointsandrafters.thefourcentralpillars，calledthedragon-wellpillars，are19.2metershighandpaintedwithdesignsofcompositefollowers，representingthefourseason.therearetworingsof12scarletpillarseach.theinnerringrepresentsthe12monthsandtheouterringsthe12divisionsofthedayandnight.Betweenthetworingsthereare24partitionedspacestomarkthesolartermsoftheChineselunaryear.thepillars，28innumber，alsorepresentthe28constellationsintheuniverse-theancientChinesebelievedthattherewere28constellationsthatmadeupthesky.

　　thecenterofthestone-pavedfloorisaroundmarbleslab，whichis88.5centimetersindiameter.interestingly，theslabfeaturesnaturalblackandwhiteveins，correspondingtothedragon-phoenixdesignontheceiling.thisparticularslabisknownastheDragon-phoenixstoneandisregardedasatreasureinseparablefromthehall.

　　thefurnishingswithinthehallareplacedintheiroriginalpositionsdatingbacktowhenemperorXianfengruled.intheforefrontandabovethethroneareenshrinedtabletsincommemorationofHeaven.oneithertableoneachsidetabletsoftheemperor`sancestorswereplaced.eachtabletisfrontedbyanaltar.atotalof24kindsofofferingweremadeonit，includingsoup，wine，assortedcereals，andacalf.

　　thesacrificialriteswereobservedintheweehoursofthemorning，sometimeinthefirstmonthoftheChineselunaryear.Becauseitwasstilldark，candles，lanternsandtorcheswerelit.thislightingcoupledwiththeincensebeingburntinsidethehall，helpedmaketheceremonybothgrandandmystical.

　　Bythetimetheservicebegan，207musiciansanddancerswouldbeperformingonplatformsoutsidethehall.theemperor，inhisbluesacrificialrobeandwithanairofpietyandsincerity，wouldwalkslowlyintothehall，kowtow，andofferwineandprayerinhornorofthedeitiesandhisancestors.alloftheofferingswouldthenbetakentoincineratorsontheeasternsideofthegateofprayerforGoodHarvest.withthisweconcludeourvisittothetemperofHeaven.thefeudalmonarchsandtheirsacrificialriteshavelongvanishedinhistory.However，thisgroupofmagnificentandloftystructuresremainasafinetestamentoftheancientChinese`singenuityandasoneoftheculturalheritagesofmankind.

　　(ontheLongCorridor)

　　FromtheeasternGateofthehallofprayerforgoodharvest，wehavenowentera300-meter-longcorridor.Consistingof72sections，thiscorridorservedasaconnectingbuildingbetweentheSlaughterhouse.HeavenKitchen，andthemainhall，itissaidthatthisonceservedasasacrificialfoodproductionline.Flankingthecorridorareshoppingstalls.Youmayfindsomesouvenirsforyourfamilyandfriendthere.

　　well，thatisallforthistour.thankyouforyourattention.ilookforwardtoyournextvisit.Goodluckandbonvoyage.